What distinguishes qualitative research from quantitative research?

The distinction between qualitative and quantitative research lies primarily in the type of data each approach emphasizes. Qualitative research is centered on descriptive data, often derived from interviews, open-ended surveys, and observations. This approach allows researchers to explore the complexities of human behavior, thoughts, and experiences in a more nuanced way, capturing the richness of these phenomena.

In contrast, quantitative research relies on numerical data and statistical analysis to quantify patterns, relationships, or phenomena. This method typically involves larger sample sizes and aims for generalizability, allowing researchers to make predictions or test hypotheses through measurable outcomes.

Focusing on descriptive data enables qualitative research to capture the depth and context of a subject, making it particularly valuable in exploratory studies, theory development, and understanding complex social processes. This foundational understanding of the nature of data in qualitative versus quantitative research makes option B the correct choice. Other options may not accurately reflect the core distinctions that define these two approaches.